In the present paper the results of a finite element study of single headed stud anchors loaded in tension (concrete cone failure) and shear (concrete edge failure) are discussed. Anchors with extremely large embedment depths (up to 1500 mm) for…
In the present paper the results of a finite element study of single headed stud anchors loaded in tension (concrete cone failure) and shear (concrete edge failure) are discussed. Anchors with extremely large embedment depths (up to 1500 mm) for which little experimental data is available are investigated. Many such anchors are used in engineering practice, therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate their safety. The numerical analysis is performed using a three-dimensional finite element code based on the microplane model. Calculated concrete cone capacity for large anchors with small heads show good agreement with the current design formula for anchors, which is based on LEFM. For anchors with larger heads, the ultimate resistance is higher than predicted by the design code formula and the size effect on the ultimate load is less pronounced. To account for the effect of the size of the headed stud, an additional influencing factor is proposed. Numerical results for large anchors loaded in shear agree well with the test results. The results indicate that the current design formula is unsafe for large anchors. Further theoretical, experimental and numerical work is needed to investigate the performance of large single anchors and anchor groups and to improve current design recommendations.