fastening technology safety relevant domain substrates is mainly covered by anchors. the ...,..., ............ f",, anchor a predrilled hole and process can be ""'""'' ... ..., ............... ..., ...... forming a numerical analysis based on finite element ........... , ..........…
fastening technology safety relevant domain substrates is mainly covered by anchors. the ...,..., ............ f",, anchor a predrilled hole and process can be ""'""'' ... ..., ............... ..., ...... forming a numerical analysis based on finite element ........... , .......... v .... . element program utilizing the crack concept has been at AG for the use in anchor ...... ..,.,JL.,Ul. 1 recent years according to reasons. Hence anchors must considering both safety and ..,..,,.J ... Jl ... , ......... J • .., development new ....... "'", ...... ...,JL..., understanding of the pull-out of the anchor. element program rlt:>'lTt:!>li'""11"'t:l•f1 1909 2 Anchoring concrete An overview of mechanical behavior of different fasteners is given in the literature, e.g. Rehm et al. (1991), Senkiw et al. (1991). For a better understanding of the effects occuring in the numerical examples a few principles are mentioned in the following. In fastening technology a number of different types of fastening elements have been developed. They can be classified by the way they transmit the external forces acting on the anchor into the concrete. These different mechanisms are friction, keying or bonding (s. Fig. 1). friction Keying Bonding -N -N Fig. 1. Working principles of anchoring systems, Hilti AG (1993) The application the pull-out force up to failure leads to different failure mechanisms (s. 2): (1) break out, (2) anchor pull-out, (3) failure of anchor parts, ( 4) failure of edge and ( 5) splitting of the substrate. The occuring failure mode depends on a variety of influencing factors as for example the strength of the concrete or the type of the chosen anchor. 4 5 Fig. 2.