This paper starts with a brief review of existing crack models for concrete structures. The performance of fixed and non-fixed crack plane concepts in handling non-coaxiality, which often occurs in case of non-proportional loadings, is demonstrated through a proposed reversed…
This paper starts with a brief review of existing crack models for concrete structures. The performance of fixed and non-fixed crack plane concepts in handling non-coaxiality, which often occurs in case of non-proportional loadings, is demonstrated through a proposed reversed shear-tension problem. For comparison, Willam’s test for proportional shear-tension is also included. It is shown that in certain situations, simulation by non-fixed crack concepts may produce incorrect material response upon reversed loading. The consequences thereof are discussed for the case of a wall structure with existing initial cracks due to vertical loading, which is subsequently subjected to settlements.