...., .... u ... ...,""" displacements. However, geometrically or softening-induced localization due to fracture can cause breakdown of the symmetry of response, , response path. Generally, the solution corre- symmetry-breaking path is solution softening damage tends to localize into short…
...., .... u ... ...,""" displacements. However, geometrically or softening-induced localization due to fracture can cause breakdown of the symmetry of response, , response path. Generally, the solution corre- symmetry-breaking path is solution softening damage tends to localize into short cairrrn.on-i- 0 'V,~ ...... ~·~ inelastic hinges. When there is more than the damage can further localize into some of for a symmetric portal frame subjected there always exists a symmetric solution corners have at all times equal magni- ._,.._,.._, ... ..,...., signs. inelastic hinges develop and exhibit , decreasing moment at increasing rotation), any ... '"'.._,v ... '"' ........ can cause a large asymmetry the magnitudes of hinge softening damage localizes into only one of failure to progress faster. to softening inelastic hinges have been loading of reinforced concrete and steel ; 1976; Bazant et al., 1987; Hunt and Currently, a problem of great interest is the ........................ ,,>-. or bridge frames under dynamic loading, e.g., reinforced concrete frames, the large de- earthquake cause strain-softening damage cracking of the material and multiple frac- damage occurs only on the tensile size of the cross tensile yielding of reinforcing bars, there is no the hinge is a plastic one. But when such compressed side of the cross section, the in- plastic (unless there is a very strong lateral as concrete encased a steel tube).