The concrete composites used to realize the monumental structures of Imperial Rome are re- markable engineering materials. While the endurance of intact constructions such as the Pantheon evinces the concretes’ durability, such durability mostly serves to preserve the mechanical properties,…
The concrete composites used to realize the monumental structures of Imperial Rome are re- markable engineering materials. While the endurance of intact constructions such as the Pantheon evinces the concretes’ durability, such durability mostly serves to preserve the mechanical properties, which are responsi- ble both for the monuments’ original creation and continued survival. Despite their prominent role in the en- gineering achievements of the empire, these mechanical properties – particularly in tension and fracture – have not been comprehensively assessed. We first review the mechanical properties obtained through various experimental programs conducted on both authentic ancient composite core samples and their components, summarizing the major findings and outlining the remaining gaps in knowledge. We then qualitatively discuss the fracture of Roman concrete within the context of our own testing program, which will test both re- fabricated and authentic materials, with the aim of characterizing the fracture behavior that has contributed to the preservation of a significant component of engineering heritage.