Size Effect

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Failure Mode Scaling Transitions in RC Beams in Flexure: Tensile, Shearing, Crushing

Reinforced concrete beams in flexure exhibit three different collapse mechanisms by varying the mechanical and geometrical parameters. The limit cases are: tensile failure for low steel percentages and/or small and slender beams, and crushing failure for high steel percentages and/or large and stocky beams. The intermediate collapse mechanism, and, therefore, the most frequent, is represented

February 14, 2026

Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Size Effects in Reinforced Concrete Beams with Steel or Basalt Bars

Experimental and numerical investigations on size effects in reinforced concrete beams of a similar geometry were performed. Laboratory tests were carried out on over-reinforced concrete beams with steel or basalt bars and without shear reinforcement. The beams were geometrically similar. In laboratory tests, load-deflection curves and cracks were registered. In addition, a Digital Image Correlation

February 14, 2026

Application of a Global/Local Analysis to study Size Effect in Concrete

A global/local method, or sub-modelling method, has been developed to obtain a fine description of cracking in concrete specimen. A discrete-element model is used to re-analyse at a local scale the damage zone obtained after the finite-element analysis of the global specimen. This strategy is applied to study the influence of size effect on cracking

February 14, 2026

Weibull-strength Size Effect and Common Problems with Size Effect Models

Size effect on quasi-brittle fracture of concrete-like materials is commonly investigated by testing geometrically-similar specimens with artificial notches. It can also be studied by testing plain specimens without any artificial notches to show the statistical influence of pre-existing defects/cracks using Weibull strength distribution. Those un-notched specimens can be further studied non-statistically, using the Fictitious Crack

February 14, 2026

Onthesize-effect phenomenoninconcretestructures

A fresh interpretation of existing experimental data, combined with what one could aptly describe as numerical experiments, leads to a new explanation of the underlining causes for size effects in structural concrete. Such an outcome is based on the premise that one must interpret correctly physical phenomena before attempting to put forward mathematical theories which,

February 14, 2026

Boundaryeffectonconcretefractureinducedbynon-constantfractureenergydistribution

This paper assumes that the fracture energy required to separate a unit crack area along the crack growth path is influenced by the width of the fracture process zone (FPZ) at that location. This as- sumption is based on considerations of the following fracture mechanisms: friction between the uneven upper and lower crack surfaces during

February 14, 2026

Computational analysis of size effect and failure modes in reinforced concrete beams

This paper presents a computational approach for simulating the fracture behavior of re- inforced concrete. Cracks are discretely modeled using zero-thickness cohesive interface elements, while the reinforcement is explicitly represented by elastoplastic Timoshenko beam elements. The interaction between reinforcement and concrete is captured through specially developed coupling elements. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed

February 14, 2026

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